5. ∫·Ù¿ ÙË Ì¤ÙÚËÛË ·ÓÙÈÛÙ¿ÛÂˆÓ Î·Ù·Ó·ÏÒÓÂÙ·È
Ú‡̷ ·fi ÙËÓ ÂÛˆÙÂÚÈ΋ Ì·Ù·Ú›·. ∏
ηٷӿψÛË Ú‡̷ÙÔ˜ ı· ÔÈΛÏÏÂÈ ·Ó¿ÏÔÁ·
Ì ÙËÓ ÂÈÏÂÁ̤ÓË ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ ÌÂÙÚ‹ÛˆÓ.
À¶√¢∂π•∏:
1. ∞Ó Ë ÌÂÙÚÔ‡ÌÂÓË ÙÈÌ‹ ÍÂÂÚÓ¿ ÙËÓ ·ÓÒÙ·ÙË
ÙÈÌ‹ Ù˘ ÂÈÏÂÁ̤Ó˘ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹˜ ÌÂÙÚ‹ÛˆÓ, Ë
ÔıfiÓË ı· ‰Â›ÍÂÈ “1”. ∂ÈϤÍÙ ÌÈ· ˘„ËÏfiÙÂÚË
ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ ÌÂÙÚ‹ÛˆÓ. ∞Ó Ë ·ÓÙ›ÛÙ·ÛË Â›Ó·È
ÂÚ›Ô˘ 1 ª ‹ ˘„ËÏfiÙÂÚË, Ë Û˘Û΢‹
̤ÙÚËÛ˘ ÂÓ‰¤¯ÂÙ·È Ó· ¯ÚÂÈ·ÛÙ› Ï›Á·
‰Â˘ÙÂÚfiÏÂÙ· ÁÈ· Ó· ÛÙ·ıÂÚÔÔÈËı›. ∞˘Ùfi
Â›Ó·È Ê˘ÛÈÔÏÔÁÈÎfi fiÙ·Ó ÌÂÙÚÔ‡ÓÙ·È ˘„ËϤ˜
·ÓÙÈÛÙ¿ÛÂȘ.
2. ∞Ó Ë Â›ÛÔ‰Ô˜ ‰ÂÓ Â›Ó·È Û˘Ó‰Â‰Â̤ÓË, .¯. ÛÂ
‰È·ÎÂÎÔÌ̤ÓÔ Î‡Îψ̷, Ë ÔıfiÓË ı· ‰Â›¯ÓÂÈ ÙÔÓ
·ÚÈıÌfi “1”. ∞˘Ùfi ÛËÌ·›ÓÂÈ fiÙÈ Ë Ì¤ÙÚËÛË
‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ÂÎÙfi˜ Ù˘ ÂÈϯı›۷˜ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹˜.
3. ∞Ó Ë ·ÓÙ›ÛÙ·ÛË Ô˘ ÚfiÎÂÈÙ·È Ó· ÌÂÙÚËı› ›ӷÈ
Û˘Ó‰Â‰Â̤ÓË Û ·Îψ̷, ı· Ú¤ÂÈ Ó·
‰È·Îfi„ÂÙ ÙËÓ Ù¿ÛË Î·È Ó· ÊÚÔÓÙ›ÛÂÙ ÒÛÙ ӷ
ÂÎÊÔÚÙˆıÔ‡Ó fiÏÔÈ ÔÈ ˘ÎÓˆÙ¤˜ ÚÈÓ ·Ú¯›ÛÂÙÂ
ÙË Ì¤ÙÚËÛË.
10.5 ª¤ÙÚËÛË ‰Èfi‰ˆÓ (Ù¿ÛË Î·Ù¿ÛÙ·Û˘
·ÁˆÁ‹˜)
1. ™˘Ó‰¤ÛÙ ÙÔ ª∞Àƒ√ ηÏÒ‰ÈÔ ÛÙËÓ ˘Ô‰Ô¯‹
“COM” Î·È ÙÔ ∫√∫∫π¡√ ηÏÒ‰ÈÔ ÛÙËÓ
˘Ô‰Ô¯‹ “V mA”. (Àfi‰ÂÈÍË: ∏ ÔÏÈÎfiÙËÙ· ÙÔ˘
ÎfiÎÎÈÓÔ˘ ηψ‰›Ô˘ Â›Ó·È “+”.)
2. ƒ˘ıÌ›ÛÙ ÙÔÓ ‰È·ÎfiÙË FUNCTION ÛÙËÓ
ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ Î·È Û˘Ó‰¤ÛÙ ÙȘ ·Î›‰Â˜ ̤ÙÚËÛ˘
ÛÙË ‰›Ô‰Ô Ô˘ ı¤ÏÂÙ ӷ ÌÂÙÚ‹ÛÂÙÂ. ∫·Ù¿ ÙË
̤ÙÚËÛË ‰Èfi‰ˆÓ ‹ ÙÚ·Ó˙›ÛÙÔÚ, Ë ÔÏÈÎfiÙËÙ·
ÙˆÓ ·Î›‰ˆÓ ̤ÙÚËÛ˘ ηıÔÚ›˙ÂÈ ·Ó ÌÂÙÚÈ¤Ù·È Ë
ÂÌÚfiÛıÈ· ηÙ‡ı˘ÓÛË ‹ Ë Î·Ù‡ı˘ÓÛË
·ÔÎÏÂÈÛÌÔ‡. ∏ ÙÈÌ‹ Ô˘ Ê·›ÓÂÙ·È ÛÙËÓ ÔıfiÓË
Â›Ó·È Ë ÙÒÛË Ù¿Û˘ ÛÙËÓ Î·Ù¿ÛÙ·ÛË ·ÁˆÁ‹˜.
- ∏ ÈÛ¯‡˜ ·ÂÌÏÔ΋˜ Â›Ó·È 0.8 mA.
- ∞Ó ÔÈ ·Î›‰Â˜ ̤ÙÚËÛ˘ ‰ÂÓ Â›Ó·È Û˘Ó‰Â‰Â̤Ó˜
(ÛˆÛÙ¿) ÛÙË ‰›Ô‰Ô, .¯. ÚÔ˜ ÙËÓ Î·Ù‡ı˘ÓÛË
·ÔÎÏÂÈÛÌÔ‡, Ë ÔıfiÓË ı· ‰Â›¯ÓÂÈ ÙÔÓ ·ÚÈıÌfi 1.
10.6 ª¤ÙÚËÛË ÙÚ·Ó˙›ÛÙÔÚ hFE
1. ∞Ê·ÈÚ¤ÛÙ ÙÔ Î·ÏÒ‰ÈÔ Ì¤ÙÚËÛ˘.
2. µ¿ÏÙ ÙÔÓ ‰È·ÎfiÙË ÛÙË Ú‡ıÌÈÛË hFE.
3. ∂ϤÁÍÙ ·Ó ÙÔ Û˘ÁÎÂÎÚÈ̤ÓÔ ÙÚ·Ó˙›ÛÙÔÚ Â›Ó·È
Ù‡Ô˘ NPN ‹ PNP Î·È Û˘Ó‰¤ÛÙ ÙÔ Î·ÏÒ‰ÈÔ
ÙÔ˘ ÂÎÔÌÔ‡ (e), Ù˘ ‚¿Û˘ (b) Î·È ÙÔ˘
Û˘ÏϤÎÙË (c ) ÛÙËÓ Î·Ù¿ÏÏËÏË ˘Ô‰Ô¯‹ ÛÙÔÓ
›Ó·Î· Ô˘ ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ÛÙÔ ÂÌÚfi˜ ̤ÚÔ˜.
4. ∏ ÔıfiÓË ‰Â›¯ÓÂÈ (ηٿ ÚÔÛ¤ÁÁÈÛË) ÙËÓ ÙÈÌ‹
hFE ÁÈ· ¤Ó· ‚·ÛÈÎfi Ú‡̷ 10 mA, V CE 2.8 V.
10.7 ª¤ÙÚËÛË ÂÓ·ÏÏ·ÛfiÌÂÓÔ˘ Ú‡̷ÙÔ˜ (AAC)
1. ™˘Ó‰¤ÛÙ ÙÔ ª∞Àƒ√ ηÏÒ‰ÈÔ ÛÙËÓ ˘Ô‰Ô¯‹
COM. ™˘Ó‰¤ÛÙ ÙÔ ∫√∫∫π¡√ ηÏÒ‰ÈÔ ÛÙËÓ
˘Ô‰Ô¯‹ “V mA”. °È· ÌÂÁ¤ıË ÌÂٷ͇ 200mA
Î·È 10A, ·Ê·ÈÚ¤Û·Ù ÙËÓ ∫√∫∫π¡∏ ÎÂÊ·Ï‹
ÛÙËÓ «10A» Ú›˙· ·ÚÔ¯‹˜.
2. µ¿ÏÙ ÙÔÓ ‰È·ÎfiÙË FUNCTION ÛÙËÓ
ÂÈı˘ÌËÙ‹ Ú‡ıÌÈÛË “A~” Î·È Û˘Ó‰¤ÛÙ ٷ
ηÏ҉ȷ Û ÛÂÈÚ¿ Ì ÙÔ Î‡Îψ̷ Ô˘ ı¤ÏÂÙ ӷ
ÌÂÙÚ‹ÛÂÙÂ. ∏ ÔÏÈÎfiÙËÙ· ÙˆÓ ·Î›‰ˆÓ
̤ÙÚËÛ˘ ‰ÂÓ ¤¯ÂÈ ÛËÌ·Û›·.
3. ¢È·‚¿ÛÙ ÙËÓ ÙÈÌ‹ Û (milli-) Ampere.
¶∂ƒπ√Ã∏ ∞∫ƒπµ∂π∞ ∞¡∞.
∞ÛÊ¿ÏÂÈ· ˘ÂÚÊfiÚÙÈÛ˘: ·ÛÊ¿ÏÂÈ· 0.2 A/250-V, Ë
ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ 20 A ‰ÂÓ ÚÔÛٷهÂÙ·È. ¶ÂÚÈÔ¯‹
Û˘¯ÓfiÙËÙ·˜: 40-1000 Hz. ŒÓ‰ÂÈÍË: ¢ÈÔÚıˆÌ¤ÓË
̤ÛË ÙÈÌ‹ (·ÓÙÈÛÙÔȯ› ÛÙËÓ ÂÓÂÚÁfi ÙÈÌ‹
ËÌÈÙÔÓÔÂȉԇ˜ Û¯‹Ì·ÙÔ˜.)
À¶√¢∂π•∏:
1. ∞Ó ‰ÂÓ ÁÓˆÚ›˙ÂÙ ÙËÓ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ Ú‡̷ÙÔ˜, ı·
Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· ‚¿ÏÂÙ ÙÔÓ ‰È·ÎfiÙË FUNCTION
ÛÙËÓ ·ÓÒÙ·ÙË ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ ̤ÙÚËÛ˘ Î·È Ó·
ÌÂÈÒÛÂÙ ÛÙ·‰È·Î¿ ÙËÓ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ ̤ÙÚËÛ˘, ·Ó
¯ÚÂÈ·ÛÙ›.
2. ∞Ó ÂÌÊ·ÓÈÛÙ› Ë ¤Ó‰ÂÈÍË “1” ÛÙËÓ ÔıfiÓË, Ë
ÌÂÙÚÔ‡ÌÂÓË ÙÈÌ‹ ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ÂÎÙfi˜ Ù˘
Ú˘ıÌÈṲ̂Ó˘ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹˜. √ ‰È·ÎfiÙ˘
FUNCTION ı· Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· Ú˘ıÌÈÛÙ› ÛÂ
˘„ËÏfiÙÂÚË ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ ̤ÙÚËÛ˘.
3. ∏ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ 20A ‰ÂÓ ÚÔÛٷهÂÙ·È ÌÂ
·ÛÊ¿ÏÂÈ·. °È· ÙÔÓ ÏfiÁÔ ·˘Ùfi, ÌËÓ
Ú·ÁÌ·ÙÔÔț٠̤ÙÚËÛË ÁÈ· ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚ·
·fi 10 ‰Â˘ÙÂÚfiÏÂÙ·.
10.8 ŒÏÂÁ¯Ô˜ Û˘Ó¤¯ÂÈ·˜
1. ™˘Ó‰¤ÛÙ ÙÔ ª∞Àƒ√ ηÏÒ‰ÈÔ ÛÙËÓ ˘Ô‰Ô¯‹
“COM” Î·È ÙÔ ∫√∫∫π¡√ ηÏÒ‰ÈÔ ÛÙËÓ
˘Ô‰Ô¯‹ “V mA”. (Àfi‰ÂÈÍË: ∏ ÔÏÈÎfiÙËÙ· ÙÔ˘
ÎfiÎÎÈÓÔ˘ ηψ‰›Ô˘ Â›Ó·È “+”.)
2. ƒ˘ıÌ›ÛÙ ÙÔÓ ‰È·ÎfiÙË FUNCTION ÛÙËÓ
ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ ""Î·È Û˘Ó‰¤ÛÙ ÙȘ ·Î›‰Â˜
̤ÙÚËÛ˘ ÛÙÔ Î‡Îψ̷ Ô˘ ı¤ÏÂÙ ӷ
ÌÂÙÚ‹ÛÂÙÂ.
3. ∞Ó Ë ·ÓÙ›ÛÙ·ÛË ÛÙÔ Î‡Îψ̷ Â›Ó·È ¯·ÌËÏfiÙÂÚË
·fi 50 , ı· ˯‹ÛÂÈ Ô ‚ÔÌ‚ËÙ‹˜.
11. ™À¡∆∏ƒ∏™∏
¶ƒ√™√Ã∏
• £· Ú¤ÂÈ ¿ÓÙÔÙ ӷ ‚Á¿˙ÂÙ ÙËÓ Ì·Ù·Ú›·
ÚÈÓ ·fi ÙË Û˘ÓÙ‹ÚËÛË Î·È ÙÔÓ Î·ı·ÚÈÛÌfi ÙÔ˘
ÔÏ˘Ì¤ÙÚÔ˘. ªË ¯ÚËÛÈÌÔÔț٠ÔÙ¤ ÓÂÚfi ‹
¿ÏÏ· ˘ÁÚ¿ ÁÈ· ÙÔÓ Î·ı·ÚÈÛÌfi Ù˘ Û˘Û΢‹˜.
ñ ¢È·ÙËÚ›Ù ٷ ηÏ҉ȷ ̤ÙÚËÛ˘ Î·È ÙÔ
ÔχÌÂÙÚÔ Î·ı·Ú¿. √ÚÈṲ̂ӷ ̤۷
ηı·ÚÈÛÌÔ‡ ‹ ‰È·Ï‡Ù˜ (ÂÙڤϷÈÔ, ·Ú·ÈˆÙÈο
Î.Ï.) ÌÔÚ› Ó· ÚÔÛ‚¿ÏÔ˘Ó ‹ Ó· ‰È·Ï‡ÛÔ˘Ó
Ù· Ï·ÛÙÈο ̤ÚË. ∞˘Ù¿ Ù· ÚÔ˚fiÓÙ·
ÂÚȤ¯Ô˘Ó ‚ÂÓ˙fiÏÈÔ, ÙÚȯψÚÔ·Èı¿ÓÈÔ,
¯ÏÒÚÈÔ, ˘ÁÚ‹ ·Ì̈ӛ· Î.Ï.
ñ ∫·ı·Ú›˙ÂÙ ٷÎÙÈο ÙÔ ÂÚ›‚ÏËÌ· Ì ¤Ó·
Ì·Ï·Îfi ·Ó›, ηٿ ÚÔÙ›ÌËÛË ÌÂÙ¿ ·fi οıÂ
¯Ú‹ÛË.
± 1,2% of rdg ± 3 dgt
± 2% of rdg ± 3 dgt
2mA
20mA
200mA
1µA
10µA
100µA
± 3% of rdg ± 7 dgt20A 10mA
88 Ferm
HINT:
1. In case the voltage range is unknown, you must
put the FUNCTION switch in the highest
measurement range and then reduce the range
gradually if required.
2. If the figure "1" now appears on the display, the
measurand lies outside the range set. The
FUNCTION switch must be switched to a higher
range.
3. The maximum input voltage is 1000 V DC.
Higher voltages cannot be measured.
4. Proceed extremely cautiously with the
measurement of high voltages.
10.2 Measuring alternating voltage (V AC)
1. Connect the BLACK lead to the "COM"
connecting point and the RED lead to the
"V mA" connecting point.
2. Set the FUNCTION switch on the desired "V"
setting and connect the leads to the voltage
source to be measured or measuring points. The
polarity of the measuring tips is not relevant.
3. Read off the measured value in Volt.
RANGE ACCURACY RES.
Input resistance 10 M
Frequency range 40-1000 Hz.
Overload protection AC 750 V Effective value or DC
1000 V peak value (constantly in all ranges).
Display:Corrected centre point corresponds to the
effective value in a sinusoidal form.)
HINT:
1. In case the voltage range is unknown, you must
set the FUNCTION switch in the highest
measurement range and then reduce the range
gradually if required.
2. If the figure "1" now appears on the display, the
measurand lies outside the range set. The
FUNCTION switch must be switched to a higher
range.
3. The maximum input voltage is 750 V AC
effective value. Higher voltages cannot be
measured.
4. Proceed extremely cautiously with the
measurement of high voltages.
10.3 Measuring direct current (ADC)
1. Connect the BLACK lead to the COM connector
socket. Connect the RED lead to the "V mA"
connector socket. For measurements between
200mA and 10A, remove RED lead to “10A”
connector socket.
2. Set the FUNCTION switch on the desired "A"
setting and connect the leads in series to the
power circuit to be measured. Observe correct
polarity (red is + and black is -), otherwise the
display shows a minus sign before the value.
The technical current direction of the RED lead
to the BLACK lead is displayed at the same time
with the current strength.
3. Read off the value in (milli-) Ampere.
RANGE ACCURACY RES.
Overload protection 0.2 A/250-V cut-out, 10-A-
range not protected.
HINT:
1. In case the current range is previously unknown,
you must set the FUNCTION switch in the
highest measurement range and then reduce
the measurement range gradually if required.
2. If the figure "1" now appears on the display, the
measurand lies outside the set measurement
range. The FUNCTION switch must be switched
to a higher measurement range.
3. The 20A range is not protected with a fuse. Do
not, therefore, measure for longer than 10
seconds.
10.4 Measuring the resistance ( Ohm)
1. Connect the BLACK lead to the "COM"
connector socket and the RED lead to the
"V mA" connector socket. (Hint: The polarity of
the red lead is then "+".)
2. Set the FUNCTION switch on the desired " "
measuring range.
RANGE ACCURACY RES.
Overload protection 250 V DC or AC Effective
value, for maximum 15 seconds
200 Ω
2K Ω
20K Ω
200K Ω
2MΩ
20MΩ
0,1 Ω
1 Ω
10 Ω
100 Ω
1k Ω
10k Ω
± 0,8% of rdg ± 1 dgt
± 1% of rdg ± 2 dgt
± 0,8% of rdg ± 3 dgt
± 0,8% of rdg ± 1 dgt
± 0,8% of rdg ± 1 dgt
± 1,2% of rdg ± 1 dgt
2mA
2µA
20mA
200mA
1µA
0,1µA
10µA
100µA
± 2% of rdg ± 5 dgt20A 10mA
± 0,8% of rdg ± 3 dgt
2V
20V
200V
1mV
10mV
100mV
750V 1V± 1,2% of rdg ± 3 dgt
Ferm 05
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